At about the age of 40 years, levels of estrogen and progesterone start to fall in females, and perimenopause — the transition to menopause — begins. As this transition progresses, a female may experience vasomotor symptoms.
Vasomotor symptoms are those that occur due to the constriction or dilation of blood vessels.
They include hot flashes, night sweats, heart palpitations, and changes in blood pressure. The most likely reason why these symptoms can occur during menopause is that hormonal fluctuations affect the mechanisms that control blood pressure and temperature control.
According to research , up to 75% of women ride warm flashes round menopause. Hot flashes typically manifest over a duration lasting from 6 months to two years, however a individual can trip them for up to 10 years. and menopause commonly starts offevolved between the a long time of forty five and fifty eight years. The common age for menopause is fifty two yearsTrusted Source. A character enters menopause 12 months after their remaining period.
Hot flashes and different signs can begin for the duration of perimenopause, whilst menstruation is nevertheless occurring, or they may additionally start after a person’s durations end. Not all and sundry has these symptoms, and they can range in severity amongst individuals.
Some females begin menopause formerly in life. In some cases, this may also occur naturally, however in others, it might also be due to surgery, a fitness condition, or positive kinds of clinical
Menopause is not a health condition. It is a normal transition that most females will go through during their life. However, the hormonal changes that it involves can lead to specific symptoms.
Hormones play a role in how the cardiovascular system works. As their levels fluctuate, they can affect the circulatory system. They can also interfere with how the nervous system controls body temperature.
Hot flashes are the predominant vasomotor symptom. During a warm flash, a surprising sensation of warmth influences the chest, neck, and face. The pores and skin in these areas may additionally end up red.
Alongside hot flashes, a woman may additionally experience:
· sweating, including night sweats
· sleep disturbances
· anxiety
· heart palpitations
These symptoms tend to affect people for about a year. However, 17% of females may continue to experience them for several years.
If menopause starts as a result of treatment, such as chemotherapy, the person may find that the associated symptoms stop, and menstruation begins again once the treatment finishes. However, this is not true for everyone.Is it a hot flash or something else?
The causes of hot flashes are likely to be neurovascular, which means that they happen when changes occur in the part of the nervous system that affects circulation.
Experts believe that hot flashes result from changes in the part of the brain that regulates body temperature. Sudden drops in estrogen levels may trigger them, but it is unclear exactly what role this hormone plays.
There is evidence that taking supplementary estrogen helps relieve symptoms, but scientists have not found a correlation between circulating hormone levels and the severity of symptoms.
Possible triggers for hot flashes include:
· eating spicy foods
· drinking coffee
· wearing clothing that is too warm for the environment
· having a high temperature
· smoking
· stress
· some medical treatments and drugs
· some health conditions, such as diabetes, tuberculosis, or an overactive thyroid
However, they can also occur without any apparent trigger.
Some types of cancer treatment can also lead to hot flashes, regardless of a person’s age or sex.
Hot flashes and sweating are not usually harmful, but they can lead to discomfort, and some people can feel embarrassed by the visibility of the symptoms.
A doctor may recommendTrusted Source medication to help people manage hot flashes.
Hormone therapy aims to balance hormone levels in the body. It can help relieve hot flashes and other symptoms, but it is not suitable for everyone, as it can lead to side effects.
A doctor may not recommend hormone therapy for people with a history or high risk of particular conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, breast cancer, uterine cancer, and liver disease.
Antidepressants,such as paroxetine (Paxil), may help. A doctor will usually prescribe a lower dosage for menopause symptoms than for depression. Possible adverse effects include headaches, nausea, and drowsiness.
Many people have mild symptoms during menopause and do not use medications. An individual should discuss with their doctor the benefits and drawbacks of using medications.
Some lifestyle practices may help a person manage hot flashes during menopause.
These include
· avoiding known triggers, such as spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine
· quitting smoking, if applicable, or avoiding secondhand smoke
· dressing in layers so that it is easy to remove a layer if a hot flash occurs
· carrying a water bottle containing ice water to sip if a hot flash starts
· keeping a portable fan nearby
· keeping the bedroom cool at night
· avoiding exercise immediately before bedtime
· practicing deep breathing and relaxation exercises
· following a healthful diet and getting regular exercise
· reaching or maintaining a moderate weight
Menopause is a transitional period characterized by hormonal changes which can lead to a host of symptoms, such as changes in weight, fluctuations in mood, and more. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a chronic condition that affects the vagina, vulva, and lower urinary tract.
Previously referred to as vulvovaginal atrophy or atrophic vaginitis, GSM is characterized by:
- vulvovaginal pain and discomfort
- pain during sex
- decreased libido
- urinary tract issues.
In the years leading up to and including menopause, the ovaries reduce their production of estrogen. Estrogen is a sex hormone that plays a role in:
· puberty
· menstruation
· glucose metabolism
· insulin sensitivity
· bone health
After menopause, and in those who may have hormonal imbalances not related to menopause, the production of estrogen from the ovaries is extremely low. Low estrogen levels are the primary cause for the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
Estrogen receptors can be found in the tissues of the:
· vagina
· vulva
· urethra
· bladder
When estrogen levels begin to decrease, it can lead to changes in the anatomy and function of these tissues, which can lead to symptoms of GSM. Changes to these tissues include a reduction in:
· skin thickness
· muscle function
· elasticity
· blood flow
Certain people are more at risk for developing GSM than others, including those who :
· are undergoing or have undergone menopause
· have had surgery to remove the ovaries, or oophorectomy
· have a history of smoking
· have a history of alcohol abuse
· do not engage in sexual activity often
· are practicing abstinence
· are undergoing certain cancer treatments
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause primarily affects the genitals and urinary tract and can cause a variety of symptomsTrusted Source, including
· vaginal dryness
· vaginal itching or burning
· increased discharge
· pelvic pain or pressure
· painful intercourse
· reduced lubrication
· decreased arousal
· bleeding during or after sex
· loss of libido
· painful orgasms
· painful urination
· increased urinary urgency and frequency
· urinary incontinence
· urinary tract infections
· bladder dysfunction
Many symptoms of GSM are also found in other conditions that affect the genitals or urinary tract, which can make it difficult to diagnose this condition. However, the most commonly reported symptoms of GSM are vaginal dryness and painful intercourse, so if you have these symptoms, schedule a visit with a medical professional.
Unfortunately, GSM remains largely underdiagnosed in the menopausal population, primarily because it can be embarrassing for some people to discuss the symptoms listed above — especially those that are traditionally described as a normal part of aging.
If your doctor or gynecologist suspects that you may have genitourinary syndrome of menopause, they will perform a physical examination and a thorough review of your symptoms and medical history. Your doctor will also want to discuss when these symptoms began and may ask about your sexual history
A physical examination of the vulvovaginal area — called a pelvic exam — can allow the doctor to physically feel for the physical changes associated with GSM. Laboratory and diagnostic testing can also identify other underlying conditions that may be causing your symptoms, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause is aimed at relieving symptoms to improve your quality of life. Common treatment options include:
· local estrogen/DHEA therapy
· systemic estrogen therapy
· topical lubricants and moisturizers
Low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy involves an estrogen supplement inserted directly into the vagina. Vaginal estrogen may come in the form of a suppository, an insert, or a ring, all of which are inserted into the vaginal canal. Local estrogen therapy is the most common treatment option for GSM.
In one reviewTrusted Source, researchers analyzed 44 studies for the effectiveness of vaginal estrogen in treating the symptoms of GSM. They found that vaginal estrogens improved the symptoms of vaginal dryness; painful intercourse; and urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence associated with GSM. In addition, vaginal estrogen also helped reduce the frequency of urinary tract infections associated with this condition.
Topical lubricants and moisturizers can help improve symptoms of GSM by increasing hydration and lubrication of the vulvovaginal area. Lubricants and moisturizers are an important treatment option for those who may not be able to take estrogen to otherwise improve dryness and reduce pain.
However, it’s important to know that not every lubricant or moisturizer is effective for GSM. If you are interested in using these products help alleviate symptoms, make sure to choose a lubricant or moisturizerTrusted Source that is pH balanced and as close to natural lubrication as possible. Using products that are not balanced properly can potentially increase symptoms of GSM.
Research is still being performed on some of the more experimental treatment options for GSM. For example, researchTrusted Source has suggested that fractional laser therapy can potentially help reduce symptoms of GSM by enriching the vaginal tissue, which improves:
· circulation
· elasticity
· PH
· Tightness
· Urination
Whether you are sexually active or not, the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause can be uncomfortable, frustrating, and even debilitating. If you have been dealing with the chronic symptoms of GSM, discuss this issue with a health professional.
Once you receive a proper diagnosis, treatment options can help decrease symptoms and improve your overall quality of life.
Osteoporosis is a health condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break. It develops slowly over several years and is often only diagnosed when a fall or sudden impact causes a bone to break (fracture)
The most common injuries in people with osteoporosis are:
- broken wrist
- broken hip (hip fracture)
- broken spinal bones (vertebrae)
However, breaks can additionally appear in different bones, such as in the arm or pelvis. Sometimes a cough or sneeze can motive a damaged rib or the partial cave in of one of the bones of the spine.
Osteoporosis is no longer commonly painful till a bone is broken, however damaged bones in the backbone are a frequent motive of long-term pain.
Although a damaged bone is frequently the first signal of osteoporosis, some older humans enhance the attribute stooped (bent forward) posture. It occurs when the bones in the backbone have broken, making it hard to help the weight of the body.
Osteoporosis can be handled with bone strengthening medicines
Losing bone is a normal part of ageing, but some people lose bone much faster than normal. This can lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of broken bones.
Women also lose bone rapidly in the first few years after the menopause. Women are more at risk of osteoporosis than men, particularly if the menopause begins early (before the age of 45) or they've had their ovaries removed.
However, osteoporosis can also affect men, younger women and children.
Many other factors can also increase the risk of developing osteoporosis, including:
· taking high-dose steroid tablets for more than 3 months
· other medical conditions such as inflammatory conditions, hormone-related conditions, or malabsorption problems
· a family history of osteoporosis – particularly a hip fracture in a parent
· long-term use of certain medicines that can affect bone strength or hormone levels, such as anti-oestrogen tablets that many women take after breast cancer
· having or having had an eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia
· having a low body mass index (BMI)
· not exercising regularly
· heavy drinking and smoking
Bone density scan (DEXA scan) They may also refer you for a bone density scan to measure your bone strength. It's a short, painless procedure that takes 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the part of the body being scanned.
Your bone density can be compared to that of a healthy young adult.
The difference is calculated as a standard deviation (SD) and is called a T score.
Standard deviation is a measure of variability based on an average or expected value. A T score of:
· above -1 SD is normal
· between -1 and -2.5 SD shows bone loss and is defined as osteopenia
· below -2.5 shows bone loss and is defined as osteoporosis
Treatment for osteoporosis is based on treating and preventing broken bones, and taking medicine to strengthen your bones.
The decision about whether you need treatment depends on your risk of breaking a bone in the future. This will be based on a number of factors such as your age, sex and the results of your bone density scan.
If you need treatment, your doctor can suggest the safest and most effective treatment plan for you.
· Medicines for osteoporosis
· Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
· Parathyroid hormone
· Biological medicines
· Calcium and vitamin D supplements
· HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
If you're at risk of developing osteoporosis, you should take steps to help keep your bones healthy. This may include:
· taking regular exercise to keep your bones as strong as possible
· healthy eating – including foods rich in calcium and vitamin D
· taking a daily supplement containing 10 micrograms of vitamin D
· making lifestyle changes – such as giving up smoking and reducing your alcohol consumption
If you're diagnosed with osteoporosis, there are steps you can take to reduce your chances of a fall, such as removing hazards from your home and having regular sight tests and hearing tests.
take these advices :
· painkillers
· hot and cold treatments, such as warm baths and cold packs
· relaxation techniques and other ways to reduce pain
Changes in your hormones during menopause can impact your mental health as well as your physical health. You may experience feelings of anxiety, stress or even depression. Menopausal symptoms may include:
· anger and irritability
· anxiety
· forgetfulness
· loss of self-esteem
· loss of confidence
· low mood and feelings of sadness or depression
· poor concentration – often described as 'brain fog' and/or lost words
Many women experiencing menopause or perimenopause will experience problems with sleeping. Lack of sleep and tiredness can also make symptoms including irritability, ability to concentrate or anxiety worse.
Addressing problems with sleep may help you manage some of the mental health symptoms you can experience due to menopause.
There are lots of different options that can help you with these experiences and improve your mental health and wellbeing during the menopause.
Some women have been prescribed anti-depressants to help with the mental health-related symptoms during the menopause, but unless you have been diagnosed with depression there are other treatment options that are more appropriate.
It’s important to realise that the mental symptoms of menopause are as real as the physical ones, and you should not wait to seek help if you are struggling. Speak to your local GP practice and they can provide you with the right support and help.
There are various treatments that you might want to consider to help relieve some of the psychological impacts of menopause. Everyone is different so it's about choosing what's right for you. Treatments can include:
· Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
· Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
· Counselling
· Mindfulness
You might experience mood changes as a result of menopause, but this should not be confused with depression. Depression is a more serious condition, where very low mood is more constant for longer periods of time.
Menopause can cause an increased risk of depression. If you think you or someone close to you might be suffering from depression, you should speak to your GP.
However, breaks can additionally appear in different bones, such as in the arm or pelvis. Sometimes a cough or sneeze can motive a broken rib or the partial give way of one of the bones of the spine.
Osteoporosis is no longer generally painful till a bone is broken, however damaged bones in the backbone are a frequent motive of long-term pain.
Although a damaged bone is regularly the first signal of osteoporosis, some older human beings enhance the attribute stooped (bent forward) posture. It takes place when the bones in the backbone have broken, making it tough to assist the weight of the body.
It can be difficult to find time for yourself when you are juggling a busy life, working and supporting family members, friends or children. If you can, try to remember to take time for yourself too. Finding time for a cup of tea, to read a book, go outside for walk, gardening or go online can give you a break from the pressures of life. Mindful breathing exercises and yoga can also really help.